Vanity Type

Carl Shank • June 6, 2026

Reading through an old volume of  Frederick Nelson Phillips, Inc, Type Faces:With Which We 'Prove It With Proofs' in Typography for Advertisements (New York, 1924), I came across some type that falls outside of the standard typography models, called "vanity type." The term “vanity typography” is not a formal category in typographic history like Old Style, Transitional, Modern, or Sans Serif. Designers typically use the phrase informally to describe typography that draws attention primarily to itself rather than serving the text or reader.


Vanity typography occurs when type is used as a display of the designer's skill, fashion, or personal taste rather than to improve communication. Readability is sometimes sacrificed for self-expression and artistic flair. Such type styles use excessive ornamentation, decorative letterforms, overuse of effects like shadows, outlines, gradients and distortions, unusual spacing, and generally typography used to impress rather than inform.


Notice in the sample by Phillips, the different "A's," "F's,", "G's," "H's," "L's," "M's," "S's," T's" and "W's." This is not calligraphy lettering, but rather type that could have been used for verses or opening letters to paragraphs or stories.



Historical Development. The first printers, including Johannes Gutenberg, sought to imitate respected manuscript traditions. Typography was generally conservative and subordinate to the text. Roman and italic types developed from humanist handwriting traditions, emphasizing clarity and elegance rather than personal display. 



Note the Gothic lettering along with the opening vanity type, following scribal typography patterns.

Baroque and Rococo Ornament (1600s–1700s)

As printing matured, title pages became increasingly elaborate. Decorative borders, flourishes, engraved lettering, and ornamental initials often served prestige and display purposes. Wealthy patrons and publishers used typography to project status.


This period contains some early examples of what modern critics might call "vanity" design—where visual grandeur sometimes outweighed functional reading.


Baroque and Rococo are two closely related decorative styles that dominated European art, architecture, furniture, printing, and design from the seventeenth through the eighteenth centuries. Both styles favored ornament, but they differed significantly in mood, scale, and purpose.

Baroque Ornament (c. 1600–1725)


Baroque ornament emerged during the age of absolute monarchies, the Catholic Counter-Reformation, and expanding European empires. It sought to inspire awe, grandeur, and emotional impact.


Baroque printing featured: elaborate engraved title pages, decorative borders, large ornamental initials, flourishes and scrollwork, and complex coats of arms. Printers often combined classical Roman types with richly engraved illustrations and ornaments.


Rococo Ornament (c. 1720–1780)

Rococo developed in France as a lighter, more playful reaction to the grandeur of Baroque. It emphasized elegance, intimacy, refinement, and pleasure rather than power and drama. Rococo influenced printing through elegant borders and frames, delicate floral ornaments, lighter page compositions, graceful engraved vignettes, and decorative headpieces and tailpieces.

French printers such as Pierre-Simon Fournier helped establish the refined aesthetic associated with eighteenth-century typography. (SEE https://www.caretypography.com/more-fournier)


Many traditional typographic ornaments originated in these periods, including fleurons, decorative borders, printers' flowers, engraved frames, initial capitals, cartouches, corner ornaments, and heraldic embellishments.

These elements continue to appear in wedding invitations, certificates and diplomas, luxury branding, church publications, Bible and devotional book design, fine press printing, and historical and classical book typography.


The Industrial Revolution transformed typography. New printing technologies enabled massive display letters, decorative wood type, condensed and expanded faces, shadowed, outlined, and chromatic type, and highly crowded advertising layouts

Victorian posters frequently used many typefaces on a single page. To modern eyes, this era often represents the classic age of typographic excess. Yet these designs were highly effective for attracting attention in crowded commercial environments.



Postmodern Typography (1970s–1990s)

Postmodern designers challenged strict modernist rules. Figures such as David Carson intentionally disrupted readability through layered text, irregular spacing, fragmented layouts, and very expressive typography. Supporters viewed this as artistic expression; critics often described it as typographic vanity because the design sometimes overshadowed the message.


David Carson, for example, did not simply make magazines look messier. He changed what graphic design could do on the page. At a moment when modernist order still shaped much of editorial design, Carson pushed typography toward friction, texture, ambiguity, and mood. His layouts did not behave like neutral containers for content. They behaved as if they were part of the content itself. That shift became visible first in surf and youth culture publishing, then more famously in music media, where Carson made the page feel unstable, physical, and culturally charged rather than perfectly resolved. He came to design relatively late, after competitive surfing and teaching, which helps explain why his work never felt obedient to inherited rules.((https://www.hueandeye.org/david-carson/)

Vanity Typography vs. Good Typography

A useful principle often attributed to twentieth-century typographic thinking is that good typography is noticed after the message is understood; vanity typography is noticed before the message is understood. This does not mean decorative typography is wrong. Display typography, branding, invitations, certificates, and posters often benefit from expressive type. The question is whether the typography supports the purpose of the communication or competes with it.


The history of vanity typography is essentially the history of the ongoing debate between expression and communication. From ornate Victorian posters to postmodern magazine design and today's digital graphics, designers have continually balanced the desire to create visually striking typography against the fundamental purpose of type: making language understandable. The most enduring typographic traditions generally succeed because they combine beauty with clarity rather than sacrificing one for the other.



Successful Layout & Design

By Carl Shank • October 13, 2026
Type Trends 2026 Analysis Tiffany Wardle, The Type Founders copy and design service editor, has offered her perspectives on the state of type in 2026 (SEE https://bit.ly/4s5fgNV ) She offers the summary that “no single style has defined 2026.” She, instead, offers that “variety” is the defining feature of 2026 — “traditional and unconventional approaches, maximalism beside restraint, and pairings without an obvious connection that still suit their context.” She notes that familiar or bookish type is found in unexpected roles and scales, that “expressive type is paired with pragmatic type, and that character-rich typefaces used as logotypes with broader use of variable fonts for creativity and performance.” Instead of the traditional typeface advice of carefully selecting faces that harmonize with one another, and the classic sans-serif headlines with serif text, she notes that type in 2026 emphasizes contradiction — “Contradiction gives much current typography its appeal. A bold, mannered display face can sit beside a practical sans serif; the two need no obvious formal connection. Their contrast creates energy. These ideas are not new. Typography has always adapted and recombined earlier approaches for new purposes. What matters now is the particular mix—and the wide range of methods that can feel contemporary at once.” The age-old sage advice, that I posted in 2021, notes this about how to use and combine typefaces — "Robert Bringhurst wisely says — “The best type for a book about bicycle racing will be, first of all, an inherently good type. Second, it will be a good type for books, which is to say, a good type for comfortable long-distance reading. Third, it will be a type sympathetic to the theme. It will probably be lean, strong and swift; perhaps it will also be Italian. But it is unlikely to be carrying excess ornament or freight, and unlikely to be indulging in a masquerade.” ( The Elements of Typographic Style , 91). Jan White echoes this sentiment about choosing type in How To Spec Type — “There is no such thing as 'right' or 'correct' use of type. There is only vivid and eloquent effectiveness, or numbing and misleading ineffectiveness.” (10) Consequently, a math textbook will use a different typeface than a slogan on a can of soda or a bottle of wine. White suggests the following questions for the would-be use of a typeface in any context — [1] Does the way the type is handled in a specific circumstance fulfill its purpose? [2] Is it doing the job efficiently? [3] Is the message coming through clearly and vividly? is the message jumping off the page into the reader's mind crispy and memorably? (10) He goes on to say that “good typography is transparent, like blister-packaging — exposing the content inside and letting it speak for itself.” He agrees with Bringhurst about the use of type ornaments — “too often typography is used like gift wrapping, in the hope that cosmetic prettification will make the package seem more desirable.” (10) So then, “good typography links the verbal with the visual to produce arresting results. Good typography clarifies. It articulates. It elucidates. It expresses meaning.” (11) Many would-be editors and writers and office personnel try too hard when it comes to setting type. With the thousands of possible typefaces that are on the market today, produced by would-be typographers, playing with digital type producing programs, many people can get overwhelmed and confused and frustrated by what typeface to use.”(SEE my blog “How To Choose the Right Type for the Right Job,” March 29, 2021, www.caretypography.com ) This age-old and wise advice has been supplanted, I would suggest, by a post-modern theoretical, indeed theological, cast. Like Dutch De Stijl (See Reference ), or Dadaism (See Reference ), or Psychedelic (See Reference ) or Punk (See Reference ), or Grunge type (See Reference ), the cultural context of rebellion against any typography rules of readability and legibility and well-defined type go out the window in favor of whatever gives “energy” to an ad or a poster or a book that wins the day. Wardle goes on to say about 2026 type combinations — “Unexpected roles. Bookish, text-oriented, or familiar type appears at surprising scales or in applications not usually associated with it. Contrasting character. Maximalist or highly expressive type sits beside pragmatic type, with the overall composition mattering more than obvious stylistic harmony.” She says these contrasts “invite closer attention to the content and reasoning behind each choice.” Post-modernism rejects absolutes and what I would call “common-sense” order and structure. Everyone makes up their own rules, their own agendas, their own type combinations, ignoring centuries of time-tested typography. This is what “feeling contemporary” means. If I am correct, then the 2026 typeface choices and patterns will likewise disappear from regular use. Using what has been called display type for “normal” use betrays one of White’s criticisms — “too often typography is used like gift wrapping, in the hope that cosmetic prettification will make the package seem more desirable.” What is important is what is on the inside of the package, not the audacious gift wrapping.  I would imagine that Wardle would point to White’s other typography notes that say “good typography links the verbal with the visual to produce arresting results. Good typography clarifies. It articulates. It elucidates. It expresses meaning.” She might point out the “energy” aspect of 2026 type choices and combinations and maintain that they accomplish the same thing as White suggests. I am not at all sure about that. Some of Fonts In Use samples below are what Wardle highlights (SEE https://fontsinuse.com ). You make the judgment call.
By Carl Shank • September 9, 2026
Typeface characteristics are the visual and structural features that distinguish one typeface from another. They determine a typeface’s historical appearance, readability, personality, and appropriate use. Useful Ways to Analyze Any Typeface. When examining an unfamiliar typeface, ask these questions in order (provided by ChatGPT) — Does it have serifs? What kind of serifs? How much thick/thin contrast is present? What is the stress angle? What is the x-height? How wide or narrow are the letters? How are the counters constructed? What do the terminals look like? What are distinctive letters such as a, g, e, R, and Q doing? How does the typeface behave in a paragraph—open, dark, dense, airy, mechanical, or calligraphic? What historical or technological process does its construction suggest? What personality does the combination of these characteristics produce? There are a number of online sources to help identify typefaces ( See Feb. 6, 2022 Blog for more explanation and use.) Sources include — MyFonts ( www.myfonts.com/WhatTheFont ), FontSquirrel ( www.fontsquirrel.com/matcherator ) WhtFontIs ( www.whatfontis.com ) Identifont ( www.identifont.com ) is one of the best. Here are the questions it will ask you — Does it have feet (serifs) or not (sans-serifs)? What style is the tail on uppercase Q? What style is the ampersand (the &)? Is the numeral “4” open or closed? What style of vertical line does the Dollar sign ($) have? How high is the center vertex of the uppercase M? Sit on the line or not? What type of bar does the uppercase G have? How far below the baseline does the uppercase J extend? What about the uppercase R? How far does the center bar extend? Is there a gap with the vertical part of the letter? Does it meet or cross the vertical? What about the question mark (?) What shape is the dot at the bottom? Is it circular, square, triangular, rectangular or even missing? The important point is that a typeface should not be identified by a single characteristic. Its identity comes from the interaction of serifs, contrast, stress, proportions, counters, terminals, spacing, and letterform construction.
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