Making A Pictogram Font

Carl Shank • June 8, 2024

Making A Pictogram Font

In a recent publication by CARE Typography (CARE Fonts: Selected Pictogram Fonts and Their History, 2024, Lulu Press), I introduced several "dingbat" fonts that we were able to craft, especially for church or non-profit use. They included the Ministry Pics font, the Fanciful Alphabets font, The StoryBook font, the Fairy Tale font, the Hand Tools font and fonts derived from ancient alphabets. We also introduced the Christograph font.


SUBJECT TO SCORN, says the famous typographer, Robert Bringhurst in his description of what are called dingbats. Dingbats are real characters, actually pictograms, like telephones, mail envelopes, crosses, cartographic symbols and so forth. It might seem that dingbats serve little useful purpose. However, in 1994, David Carson of Ray Gun magazine set an interview in Zaph Dingbats, unreadable, but “ironic perhaps that we’re still bringing it up, more than two decades later.” (Nigel French & Hugh D’Andrade, The Type Project Book: Typographic Projects to Sharpen Your Creative Skills & Diversify Your Portfolio (Pearson Education, Inc., 2021), callout on “Icons” on 228)


I happen to like dingbats. They spur my imagination and help me say things or describe things that can’t be fully said in words alone. In his now out of print, Before & After Magazine, editor and creator John McWade talks about the “hidden art in dingbat fonts” — “Dingbats are real pictures and often excellent, but so small they’re commonly overlooked (except by kids, who are expert at spotting small treasures).” (John McWade, “The Hidden Art in Dingbat Fonts,” Before & After Magazine, Vol. 3, No. 5, 1993) He notes that dingbats can be made super size to catch the eye, or made tiny to delight the eye. 


Actually creating a font is time consuming and hard work. Things like "The Bump Rule," where drawing points are placed at inflection points, "The Rule of One-Third," which says the distance between a drawing point and its associated Bévier Control Points (BCPs) should be one-third of the length of the curve being drawn, "The Conciseness Rule," where the smallest number of drawing points should be used to create a shape, and "The Orthogonality Rule," where the handles should be perpendicular or at right angles, are highly recommended by Stephen Moye in Fontographer: Type By Design (MIS Press, 1995, 13). Then we must think about removing overlapping points, accurately drawing Bézier curves, eliminating orphan points, hinting, kerning and so forth. All of this goes into creating a font that is clean, well-constructed, easy to the eye and can pass typographical standards. Months of work went into my Greek font I made some time ago for the Christian-based Word Publications. But this blog is not about such complexity.


How do you make a dingbat or pictogram font? Having made several now, using FontLab's Fontographer (I use version 5.2.4 on a Mac mini 2012 running Mac OS 10.14 Mojave. Newer Mac systems must use FontLab 7 or the newer 8) (See Below). There are several important steps. But first, we need to make some definitions and acquaint you with some of the language used in the Fontographer program.




Using Adobe's Garamond Pro font as an. example, the above word "Ship" helps us understand some font or typeface terminology. The letters, or in our case, the pictograms or images, sit on what is called a BASELINE, with the ORIGIN point at the x, y coordinates of (0, 0). The top of the letter or image is called the CAP HEIGHT. If it is a regular font, we would also include the height of the small letters, or the X-HEIGHT, and any ASCENDERS, like the "h" above that protrude above the CAP HEIGHT a bit. We need not worry about these latter definitions with most dingbat fonts.


We do need, however, to acquaint ourselves with Fontographer's guides that are used to place the images or pictograms inside to make the font. This can be seen below.

Each letter, or image in our case, rests inside what is called an EM-SQUARE, which is a rectangular field the size of a capital "M" covering the DESCENDER (below the Baseline) all the way above the CAP HEIGHT to the top of the em-square. Notice in the letter "Q" above, the tail of the "Q" rests beneath the Baseline in the Descender area. To the sides of the letter or image will be the left and right SIDEBEARING, spaced usually evenly from the left and right edges of the letter or image used. Such distances are usually 30-40 units in the Fontographer program, but better seen in eyeballing the left and right sidebearings.


Making the Pictogram Font

STEP ONE — Find suitable, well drawn images, to scan at about 300 dpi (dots per inch). Make the scans ALL THE SAME height, usually about an inch or so in height.


STEP TWO —  Scan the original images, making sure the scan is straight.


STEP THREE — Save the scanned images, one at a time, as JPG images.


STEP FOUR — Open the Fontographer program (I use Fontographer 5.2.4). Using the included "Preview" program on all Macintoshes, open the images one at a time and paste them into Fontographer. Assign each scan to whatever glyph you want. Thus, for the "Q" letter, I assigned the scanned image for the "Ash Wednesday" graphic in the Christograph Font.


STEP FIVE — Trace the image. This can be a manual or automatic trace. If the images are clear and clean and scanned well, I use Fontographer's "Auto Trace" tool to trace the scanned images. make sure the principle handles are orthogonal. Use Guides for height so that the images rest on the baseline and are at the same height in the Fontographer em-square. Clean up the traced images using Fontographer's tools for "Clean Up Paths," "Remove Overlap," and "Correct Path Direction" if needed.


STEP SIX — Generate the Pictogram font, using OTF for both Macs and PCs. Print an extensive sample and make corrections, if needed.

Successful Layout & Design

By Carl Shank • October 13, 2026
Type Trends 2026 Analysis Tiffany Wardle, The Type Founders copy and design service editor, has offered her perspectives on the state of type in 2026 (SEE https://bit.ly/4s5fgNV ) She offers the summary that “no single style has defined 2026.” She, instead, offers that “variety” is the defining feature of 2026 — “traditional and unconventional approaches, maximalism beside restraint, and pairings without an obvious connection that still suit their context.” She notes that familiar or bookish type is found in unexpected roles and scales, that “expressive type is paired with pragmatic type, and that character-rich typefaces used as logotypes with broader use of variable fonts for creativity and performance.” Instead of the traditional typeface advice of carefully selecting faces that harmonize with one another, and the classic sans-serif headlines with serif text, she notes that type in 2026 emphasizes contradiction — “Contradiction gives much current typography its appeal. A bold, mannered display face can sit beside a practical sans serif; the two need no obvious formal connection. Their contrast creates energy. These ideas are not new. Typography has always adapted and recombined earlier approaches for new purposes. What matters now is the particular mix—and the wide range of methods that can feel contemporary at once.” The age-old sage advice, that I posted in 2021, notes this about how to use and combine typefaces — "Robert Bringhurst wisely says — “The best type for a book about bicycle racing will be, first of all, an inherently good type. Second, it will be a good type for books, which is to say, a good type for comfortable long-distance reading. Third, it will be a type sympathetic to the theme. It will probably be lean, strong and swift; perhaps it will also be Italian. But it is unlikely to be carrying excess ornament or freight, and unlikely to be indulging in a masquerade.” ( The Elements of Typographic Style , 91). Jan White echoes this sentiment about choosing type in How To Spec Type — “There is no such thing as 'right' or 'correct' use of type. There is only vivid and eloquent effectiveness, or numbing and misleading ineffectiveness.” (10) Consequently, a math textbook will use a different typeface than a slogan on a can of soda or a bottle of wine. White suggests the following questions for the would-be use of a typeface in any context — [1] Does the way the type is handled in a specific circumstance fulfill its purpose? [2] Is it doing the job efficiently? [3] Is the message coming through clearly and vividly? is the message jumping off the page into the reader's mind crispy and memorably? (10) He goes on to say that “good typography is transparent, like blister-packaging — exposing the content inside and letting it speak for itself.” He agrees with Bringhurst about the use of type ornaments — “too often typography is used like gift wrapping, in the hope that cosmetic prettification will make the package seem more desirable.” (10) So then, “good typography links the verbal with the visual to produce arresting results. Good typography clarifies. It articulates. It elucidates. It expresses meaning.” (11) Many would-be editors and writers and office personnel try too hard when it comes to setting type. With the thousands of possible typefaces that are on the market today, produced by would-be typographers, playing with digital type producing programs, many people can get overwhelmed and confused and frustrated by what typeface to use.”(SEE my blog “How To Choose the Right Type for the Right Job,” March 29, 2021, www.caretypography.com ) This age-old and wise advice has been supplanted, I would suggest, by a post-modern theoretical, indeed theological, cast. Like Dutch De Stijl (See Reference ), or Dadaism (See Reference ), or Psychedelic (See Reference ) or Punk (See Reference ), or Grunge type (See Reference ), the cultural context of rebellion against any typography rules of readability and legibility and well-defined type go out the window in favor of whatever gives “energy” to an ad or a poster or a book that wins the day. Wardle goes on to say about 2026 type combinations — “Unexpected roles. Bookish, text-oriented, or familiar type appears at surprising scales or in applications not usually associated with it. Contrasting character. Maximalist or highly expressive type sits beside pragmatic type, with the overall composition mattering more than obvious stylistic harmony.” She says these contrasts “invite closer attention to the content and reasoning behind each choice.” Post-modernism rejects absolutes and what I would call “common-sense” order and structure. Everyone makes up their own rules, their own agendas, their own type combinations, ignoring centuries of time-tested typography. This is what “feeling contemporary” means. If I am correct, then the 2026 typeface choices and patterns will likewise disappear from regular use. Using what has been called display type for “normal” use betrays one of White’s criticisms — “too often typography is used like gift wrapping, in the hope that cosmetic prettification will make the package seem more desirable.” What is important is what is on the inside of the package, not the audacious gift wrapping.  I would imagine that Wardle would point to White’s other typography notes that say “good typography links the verbal with the visual to produce arresting results. Good typography clarifies. It articulates. It elucidates. It expresses meaning.” She might point out the “energy” aspect of 2026 type choices and combinations and maintain that they accomplish the same thing as White suggests. I am not at all sure about that. Some of Fonts In Use samples below are what Wardle highlights (SEE https://fontsinuse.com ). You make the judgment call.
By Carl Shank • September 9, 2026
Typeface characteristics are the visual and structural features that distinguish one typeface from another. They determine a typeface’s historical appearance, readability, personality, and appropriate use. Useful Ways to Analyze Any Typeface. When examining an unfamiliar typeface, ask these questions in order (provided by ChatGPT) — Does it have serifs? What kind of serifs? How much thick/thin contrast is present? What is the stress angle? What is the x-height? How wide or narrow are the letters? How are the counters constructed? What do the terminals look like? What are distinctive letters such as a, g, e, R, and Q doing? How does the typeface behave in a paragraph—open, dark, dense, airy, mechanical, or calligraphic? What historical or technological process does its construction suggest? What personality does the combination of these characteristics produce? There are a number of online sources to help identify typefaces ( See Feb. 6, 2022 Blog for more explanation and use.) Sources include — MyFonts ( www.myfonts.com/WhatTheFont ), FontSquirrel ( www.fontsquirrel.com/matcherator ) WhtFontIs ( www.whatfontis.com ) Identifont ( www.identifont.com ) is one of the best. Here are the questions it will ask you — Does it have feet (serifs) or not (sans-serifs)? What style is the tail on uppercase Q? What style is the ampersand (the &)? Is the numeral “4” open or closed? What style of vertical line does the Dollar sign ($) have? How high is the center vertex of the uppercase M? Sit on the line or not? What type of bar does the uppercase G have? How far below the baseline does the uppercase J extend? What about the uppercase R? How far does the center bar extend? Is there a gap with the vertical part of the letter? Does it meet or cross the vertical? What about the question mark (?) What shape is the dot at the bottom? Is it circular, square, triangular, rectangular or even missing? The important point is that a typeface should not be identified by a single characteristic. Its identity comes from the interaction of serifs, contrast, stress, proportions, counters, terminals, spacing, and letterform construction.
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