Linotype's Party Emblems in 1920

Carl Shank • July 29, 2026

Linotype's Party Emblems in 1920. Type follows and often mimics cultural fashions and ideas. Consequently, Victorian type flowed with the ornamentation of that period. Punk and Grunge type traced with a rebellious period in American culture. The political landscape of the 1920s was shaped by the aftermath of World War I, economic prosperity, social change, and debates over the role of government. While the specific parties differed by country, the decade is most often discussed in terms of the United States, where the Republican Party dominated national politics. Being a major typesetter for the period, Linotype issued characters that reflected the political parties and feelings of the times. Such type emblems showed up in their 1920 publication of One Line Specimens.

The Republican Party, under Warren Harding (1921–23), Calvin Coolidge (1923–29) and Herbert Hoover (elected 1928) was the dominant political force of the period. Their Eagle Symbol stood for American business ingenuity and less governmental interference. This philosophy became known as "laissez-faire" economics. Tarnished by several scandals during the Harding administration, this party oversaw a period of rapid industrial growth and rising consumer culture, with expanded infrastructure and technological development.


Suffering from internal divisions during the 1920s, the Democratic Party favored greater assistance for farmers, more state and local control and some opposition to big business policies. The Party divided over urban versus rural interests, the Prohibition Movement, immigration policy and even religious differences between Protestants and Catholics.

The Progressive Party, under Robert LaFollette, stood for government regulation of monopolies

labor rights, public ownership of some utilities, direct democracy reforms, and protection of civil liberties.


The Socialist Party, which had been much stronger before World War I, had declined considerably during the 1920s, mostly due to ant-radical sentiment following the First Read Scare (1919–1920) and general widespread prosperity during much of the decade. They held to public ownership of major industries, workers' rights, expanded social welfare programs, and

economic equality.


The first modern Farmer–Labor Party in the United States emerged in Minnesota in 1918 but dissolved in 1936 on a federal level with the Minnesota Farmer-Labor Party surviving on the state level until merging with the Democratic Party in 1944.


The League for Industrial Democracy (LID) was founded as a successor to the Intercollegiate Socialist Society in 1921. In its early years, the LID addressed societal problems such as poverty, child labor, work conditions, and poor housing conditions, under the leadership of notable activists, including Robert Lovett, Charles Steinmetz, Florence Kelley and Stuart Chase. It became the base for leftwing intellectuals, otherwise known as Muckrakers. During the Great Depression of the 1930s, the LID organized radio stations and broadcasts centered around the New Deal. Throughout its history, the LID has called itself a proponent of the labor movement. The group saw this movement as a progressive force that is misunderstood by intellectuals.


The Progressive Movement reached its peak between 1890 and 1920, but it remained an important force throughout the 1920s, even though its influence declined after World War I. Progressives believed that government should actively solve social and economic problems created by industrialization. They wanted to eliminate political corruption, regulate large corporations and monopolies, protect workers, improve public education, expand public health initiatives, reform the electoral process, and promote conservation of natural resources. Many Progressive Reforms resulted in women's suffrage (19th Amendment), Federal income tax (16th Amendment), direct election of senators (17th Amendment), child labor reform efforts, food and drug regulation, and conservation programs.Fear of radicalism and economic prosperity after World War I weakened the movement.


The Liberal Movement. "Liberal" in the 1920s meant something somewhat different from its later twentieth-century usage. It generally referred to individuals who favored civil liberties, political reform, academic freedom, freedom of speech, religious liberty, international cooperation, and moderate government intervention to improve society. One important organization was the American Civil Liberties Union, founded in 1920 to defend constitutional rights. In religion, Many Protestant denominations embraced modern biblical scholarship,  the Social Gospel, cooperation between science and religion, and ecumenical efforts. This often brought them into conflict with Christian fundamentalists, as witnessed in the Scopes Trial in 1925.


The Prohibition Movement grew from the 19th century Temperance Movement. Its supporters believed alcohol caused poverty, domestic violence, crime, workplace accidents, family breakdown, and political corruption. Prohibition became law through the 18th Amendment (1919), and the Volstead Act, which enforced the amendment.Beginning in January 1920 manufacture of alcoholic beverages was illegal, transportation was illegal, and sale was illegal. Consumption itself was not prohibited, though obtaining alcohol legally became very difficult. However, bootlegging and organized crime grew in this period. The amendment was repealed by the 20th Amendment in 1933.

The horseshoe was one of America's most popular symbols of good luck. It was believed to bring good fortune, to ward off evil and to represent prosperity and success. It was also adopted as an emblem by some vocational and agricultural organizations during the late 1920s because of its association with farming. 


The rooster had a long history as a Democratic Party symbol. Before the donkey became dominant, the rooster was on Democratic campaign ribbons, posters, buttons and parade decorations. Although by the 1920s the donkey had become the better-known Democratic emblem, the rooster still appeared in campaign materials, especially in southern states and local elections. It also symbolized wakefulness, honesty, readiness and rural values.


The Lion's Head, Horseshoe, and Rooster were widely recognized symbols in the United States during the 1920s, but they were generally not a single, unified set of symbols. Their meanings depended on the context—politics, business, fraternal organizations, advertising, or good-luck traditions.


The lion's head symbol commonly represented strength, courage, and authority—a traditional heraldic emblem used by many businesses and organizations. It was used as manufacturers' trademarks, especially for tools, hardware, paper goods, clothing, and printing equipment.Fraternal organizations employed the head, where the lion symbolized vigilance and leadership. In the printing and publishing industries, lion-head trademarks were used by several type foundries and paper manufacturers.


As one of the major typesetting and printing establishments of the period, Linotype produced these symbols along with baseball scoreboard fonts, tariff fonts, and telephone directory typefaces.



Successful Layout & Design

By Carl Shank • October 13, 2026
Type Trends 2026 Analysis Tiffany Wardle, The Type Founders copy and design service editor, has offered her perspectives on the state of type in 2026 (SEE https://bit.ly/4s5fgNV ) She offers the summary that “no single style has defined 2026.” She, instead, offers that “variety” is the defining feature of 2026 — “traditional and unconventional approaches, maximalism beside restraint, and pairings without an obvious connection that still suit their context.” She notes that familiar or bookish type is found in unexpected roles and scales, that “expressive type is paired with pragmatic type, and that character-rich typefaces used as logotypes with broader use of variable fonts for creativity and performance.” Instead of the traditional typeface advice of carefully selecting faces that harmonize with one another, and the classic sans-serif headlines with serif text, she notes that type in 2026 emphasizes contradiction — “Contradiction gives much current typography its appeal. A bold, mannered display face can sit beside a practical sans serif; the two need no obvious formal connection. Their contrast creates energy. These ideas are not new. Typography has always adapted and recombined earlier approaches for new purposes. What matters now is the particular mix—and the wide range of methods that can feel contemporary at once.” The age-old sage advice, that I posted in 2021, notes this about how to use and combine typefaces — "Robert Bringhurst wisely says — “The best type for a book about bicycle racing will be, first of all, an inherently good type. Second, it will be a good type for books, which is to say, a good type for comfortable long-distance reading. Third, it will be a type sympathetic to the theme. It will probably be lean, strong and swift; perhaps it will also be Italian. But it is unlikely to be carrying excess ornament or freight, and unlikely to be indulging in a masquerade.” ( The Elements of Typographic Style , 91). Jan White echoes this sentiment about choosing type in How To Spec Type — “There is no such thing as 'right' or 'correct' use of type. There is only vivid and eloquent effectiveness, or numbing and misleading ineffectiveness.” (10) Consequently, a math textbook will use a different typeface than a slogan on a can of soda or a bottle of wine. White suggests the following questions for the would-be use of a typeface in any context — [1] Does the way the type is handled in a specific circumstance fulfill its purpose? [2] Is it doing the job efficiently? [3] Is the message coming through clearly and vividly? is the message jumping off the page into the reader's mind crispy and memorably? (10) He goes on to say that “good typography is transparent, like blister-packaging — exposing the content inside and letting it speak for itself.” He agrees with Bringhurst about the use of type ornaments — “too often typography is used like gift wrapping, in the hope that cosmetic prettification will make the package seem more desirable.” (10) So then, “good typography links the verbal with the visual to produce arresting results. Good typography clarifies. It articulates. It elucidates. It expresses meaning.” (11) Many would-be editors and writers and office personnel try too hard when it comes to setting type. With the thousands of possible typefaces that are on the market today, produced by would-be typographers, playing with digital type producing programs, many people can get overwhelmed and confused and frustrated by what typeface to use.”(SEE my blog “How To Choose the Right Type for the Right Job,” March 29, 2021, www.caretypography.com ) This age-old and wise advice has been supplanted, I would suggest, by a post-modern theoretical, indeed theological, cast. Like Dutch De Stijl (See Reference ), or Dadaism (See Reference ), or Psychedelic (See Reference ) or Punk (See Reference ), or Grunge type (See Reference ), the cultural context of rebellion against any typography rules of readability and legibility and well-defined type go out the window in favor of whatever gives “energy” to an ad or a poster or a book that wins the day. Wardle goes on to say about 2026 type combinations — “Unexpected roles. Bookish, text-oriented, or familiar type appears at surprising scales or in applications not usually associated with it. Contrasting character. Maximalist or highly expressive type sits beside pragmatic type, with the overall composition mattering more than obvious stylistic harmony.” She says these contrasts “invite closer attention to the content and reasoning behind each choice.” Post-modernism rejects absolutes and what I would call “common-sense” order and structure. Everyone makes up their own rules, their own agendas, their own type combinations, ignoring centuries of time-tested typography. This is what “feeling contemporary” means. If I am correct, then the 2026 typeface choices and patterns will likewise disappear from regular use. Using what has been called display type for “normal” use betrays one of White’s criticisms — “too often typography is used like gift wrapping, in the hope that cosmetic prettification will make the package seem more desirable.” What is important is what is on the inside of the package, not the audacious gift wrapping.  I would imagine that Wardle would point to White’s other typography notes that say “good typography links the verbal with the visual to produce arresting results. Good typography clarifies. It articulates. It elucidates. It expresses meaning.” She might point out the “energy” aspect of 2026 type choices and combinations and maintain that they accomplish the same thing as White suggests. I am not at all sure about that. Some of Fonts In Use samples below are what Wardle highlights (SEE https://fontsinuse.com ). You make the judgment call.
By Carl Shank • September 9, 2026
Typeface characteristics are the visual and structural features that distinguish one typeface from another. They determine a typeface’s historical appearance, readability, personality, and appropriate use. Useful Ways to Analyze Any Typeface. When examining an unfamiliar typeface, ask these questions in order (provided by ChatGPT) — Does it have serifs? What kind of serifs? How much thick/thin contrast is present? What is the stress angle? What is the x-height? How wide or narrow are the letters? How are the counters constructed? What do the terminals look like? What are distinctive letters such as a, g, e, R, and Q doing? How does the typeface behave in a paragraph—open, dark, dense, airy, mechanical, or calligraphic? What historical or technological process does its construction suggest? What personality does the combination of these characteristics produce? There are a number of online sources to help identify typefaces ( See Feb. 6, 2022 Blog for more explanation and use.) Sources include — MyFonts ( www.myfonts.com/WhatTheFont ), FontSquirrel ( www.fontsquirrel.com/matcherator ) WhtFontIs ( www.whatfontis.com ) Identifont ( www.identifont.com ) is one of the best. Here are the questions it will ask you — Does it have feet (serifs) or not (sans-serifs)? What style is the tail on uppercase Q? What style is the ampersand (the &)? Is the numeral “4” open or closed? What style of vertical line does the Dollar sign ($) have? How high is the center vertex of the uppercase M? Sit on the line or not? What type of bar does the uppercase G have? How far below the baseline does the uppercase J extend? What about the uppercase R? How far does the center bar extend? Is there a gap with the vertical part of the letter? Does it meet or cross the vertical? What about the question mark (?) What shape is the dot at the bottom? Is it circular, square, triangular, rectangular or even missing? The important point is that a typeface should not be identified by a single characteristic. Its identity comes from the interaction of serifs, contrast, stress, proportions, counters, terminals, spacing, and letterform construction.
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